System of distribution.



vH L. VAN VALKBNBU'RG. SYSTEM OF DISTRIBUTION. APPLICATION FILEDAUG. 31,1906.

Patent'd Au 24, 1909.

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' v UNITE s ArEs ra um curios.

. simple, and reliable;

HERMGN L. VAN vaL tnivnunegor ironwoon, 0e10, ASSIGNORTO ALms-ermnnnnsCOMPANY,

AND THE BULLOCK ELECTRIC MANUFACTURING comraug,

A CORPORATION Ion-NEW. JERSEY,

A CORPORATIQN OHIO.

To all whom it may Be it known that/ I, Harmon L. V an VALKENBURGcitizen qdf the United States,

residing at-i orwood,jfjin the county of'Hamilton andState of Ohio, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Systemsfor Distributiofwhich the following is a full, clearfand exact specification.

My invention relates to automatic switches or circuit-breakers I ascontrolling or protecting electric circuits, particularly high voltagealternating current circuits.

One'of the objectsofmyinvention is to provide reliable meansforprotecting the circuits against abnormal line; conditions, particularlyoverload iid reversals of current, which protecting. means isinexpensive,

A further object is to provide a -relay for 'the tripping circuitsofswitches or circuit.-

breakers which" willfoperate on the occurrence of a predeterminedexcessive current in the normal" direction, and on the occurrence of areversal of rrent or a predetermined excess of mine tin the reversedirection, adjustin means'being provided so that I, the relay can emadefto operate at different relative valuesjof the current in, thenormal direction or abnormal; direction.

A still further object is to provide a re verse current and overloadrelay which will open the main circuitfwhen the currents in the normaldirection land in the abnormal direction respectively-reach definitepredetermined values. regardless of the power factor or of the values ofvoltage,provided the value of the voltage is sufficient to operate therelay;

In carry ng out my invention, I provide a relay containing a magnetresponsive to an abnormal llne condition, and provide a 011-- cuit orby-path for thecurrent aroundfthe x coil, which by-pathisfcontrolled bya device responsive to anotherflf abnormal line condi-' tion.

Considering ny invention more specifically, I providev an overload oroverload main line to be opened,f as by closing a circult through thetrip coil. Around the relay sistancewhich is preferably. adjustable, and

time limit re'l'ay containing a magnetfvahich 'on the occurrenceof anexcessive current in the normal directionawill respondsoas to cause the-circuithreal;er or switch in the magnet I provide a circuit containinga re- SYSTEM OF DISTIIEtIB'U'TION.

Patented Aug 2 1 .iaosi.

further provide a device responsive as re? versal 0 current forcontrolling the'cii'cuitaround the relay, so that on the occurrence Myinvention still further consists the combinations and arrangements ofpartside scribed in the specification andlset 'iorthfin the appendedclaims. t, a H

For a better understanding-of my invention, reference is had to theaccompanying drawings in which? Figure 1 is a diagrammaticrepresentation showing my invention applied to a three-t phasealternating current circuit; and Fig.

of a,reversal of energy said circuitis broken,

2 is a similar view ofa slight modification of my invention,

Referring now to-F 1g. 1 of the drawing, A, B, and C represent athreephase di-sa tributing circuitcontaining an automatic circuitbreaker 'or oil switch represented somewhat conventionally at 10. Thecircuitbreaker or switch is provided with a tripping coil 11, located inthis instance inf'a local, normally open circuit 12 connectedto aseparate source of current- 13. if desired,

however, the tripping circuit may be con nected to the main distributingcircnit.; instead of to the separate source 113. Ih-a've provided meansior automatically closing the tripping circuit on the occurrence ofabnormal line conditions, in this case on-the occurrence of overloads orreversals of current. In this instance thls is accomplished by means ofan overload or overload time limit relay 14: consisting of a three-phasemagnet composed of three coils l5 and a movable armature 16 which is amovable member of a normally open switch located :in the an: cuit of thetripping coil 11'. he three coils ofthe relay are coinlectedto thethrcedistributing mains A, B, and C, in this instance by currenttransformers 17 and three conductors 18, 19, and 20; Connected aroundthe coils 15 of the relay magnet'liso is-to form by-paths for the"current around the coils are three circuits 21, =22 and? contain ingadjustable resistances or rheostatsQsi, 25, and 26, which circuitsare-adaptedto be opened sinlultaneoitlsly bya switch 27, which iscontrolled, in this case, by either oftwo reverse current relays 28 and29. 4 t

The reverse current relay 28 is provided wlth a ser es or current 001ilocated-in the Therefore there conductor 18 and in series with thesecond l are in-parallel. If desired, however, the p *tential coils maybe connected to separate potential transformers.

In series with the with potential coil 34 of relay 29 is an in- I 20ductive resistance '36. By properly propor- "tioning the ohmic andinductive resistances,

j the currents in'the movable voltage coils of the relays can be made tobear any desired phase relation to the electromotive force in p thema1nc1rcu1t, so as to obtain sufficient torque between. the *twomagnetic fields. to operate the relay at the instant of reversalregardless of the power factor in the main circuit. The two resistancesare preferably so adjusted or proportioned that when the,

- power factor in the main'circuitis unity the vcurrents in thepotential coils ofthe re-.---

versecurrent relays are made to lag such an amount behind the currentsin the series or current coils 30 and 33 respectively, as to beapproximately midway between the prob able limits of thephasedisplacements of'the current in the main circuit. The result is thateven in case the power factor in the .40 main circult is zero, or thecurrent is dis-v placed- 90 from the electromotive force, the lierencein phase of the currents in either I air of coils of the reverse currentrelay is ess than 90?, and hence in the normal 0 Jera tion of the systemthecosine of the ang e of lag of the current in 'one coil from-thecurrentinthe-other is never zero. The reverse current relays arepreferably made very sensitive so as to be able toopcrate on verylow 5!)values of current or vol'tage.

.v c It is seen that when the current in the maincircuitis in the normaldirection a ce r.-' tain proportion of the current in the corn Meters18, 19 and 20 is shunted around the overloadrelay coils, and when areversalof current occurs inthe main circuit the shunt circuits aroundthe relay cells are broken and all the currentinconductors '18, 1'9' andthe overload relay coils,

20 passes'through 'ative values 'of the currents inthe main circuit.necessarytooperate the "overload' mlay when the'currents are in'the'normal direction a'ird when iii-the reverse dimoticnde ends on therelative resistanees'of '65" th' Ielayooils and the shunt circuitsaround 1 very sensitive.

otential 'coili 3-1 of relay 28 is an ohmic resistance 35, and in seriesthe tripping circuit, and relay 39 consists of" a single solenoid coil42' and plunger 0 o'fJt-he main distributing circuit.. At 46 is 59tostlfi'e iotential the relay coils. By adjusting the resistances 24,25, and26 in the shunt circuits,'the'r elative values of the currentsnecessary tov o 'er'ate the overload relay can be change a Whenonce'the' overloadrelayand resist- I ances ofthe shunt circuits havebeen -adj usted, to trip the switch or circuit-breaker it atcertain-desired values of currents in the i normal and reversedirection, these values will remain constant'regardless of changes vin'the powerifactor and changes n. volt-a 6 in the-main circuit,provided the-voltage 1s 'sufiicient to operate the reverse current ,re-

lays, which, as was stated before, are made a In many" overload andreverse current relays i heretofore-s employed, particularly thedi-fierential relays having a I1 current coil and a-potentialf coilwhich create; fields which oppose each other when the cur' rent is-in'the normal direction and assist each otheron" a reversal of current, theval- X 1 "ues of the current-in the main circuit necess sary to trip theswitch or c1rcu1t-breaker are.-

not constant. but vary materially with the power factor and changes ofvoltage. '90

'InFig. 2'I1have shown a slight modificas tion, The main distributingconductors A,

B, and C aieprovided with a switch-o'r'circuit'bre'aker 10 as in thefirst ease. A 'tri ping circuit- '37, however, infthis 'caseflswtiadapted to 'be" closed by' either one of-two. I separate-overloadoroverload ftime limit'relays 38 or 39. In this case relay 38 'consists ofa single solenoid coil 40 and a plunger H which carries a movable switchcontact for which likewise carries a movable switch gon tact. Coil 40,is connected to the secondary I of a series transformer 44 located [inconducto'r A of themain' distributing circuit and coiletQ is connectedto the'secon'dary oi a series transformer 45 located in conduct-or?-shown a *c'ircuit containing an adjustable rei containin an adjustableresistance or rheostat 49 connected across coil 42 of relay "39, I I iAt 50 is shown a reverse current relay 'consisting of-a series ascurrent coil 51 in c1r-,

cult with coil 40 of relay 38 and series t'rans- I former 45%..3116. apotential coil 52 eomieeted through'an ohmic resistance 53 to a-peten-'tial. transformer 54: connectedjacross 1 main distributing"conductorsAafllill ii .potentialeoil 52 ommas ,memb'er'which controls ayswfi'tc 55in the 'circuit' lfi across theoverleadcoil' 459211; 56

' isshown a second reverse'current relayicon -"sisting= of a series orcurrentcoir 5'1 int -ei rcult with the coil 42 3f overload relay-SQJ-ahdtransformer 1'5,- gandja movable potmtialocil 58'conneeted throng aninductive resistance nsrermer fi i;

no sijstance or rheostat 47 connected across-coil i 40 of relay 3S, and2113 48 is shown a'clr'cuit I, first case by i properly pr'oportioningthe.

icutial coil 58 is mounted onla movable member which controls a switchlocated inthe circuit 48 across the coil lfl of the overload relay 39.The operation of the circuit controlling devices here shows-substanti'ally the same as in the arrangement shown in Fig. 1. In casean overloadoccurs in one or more of the phases of the main distributingcircuit,one or both of the overload relays 38 and 39 close the circuitthrough the tripping coil, and in case there is a reversal of current inthe main distributing circuit, one or both of the reverse current-relays50 'and56 operate ,one or both of the svvlitches and in the circuitaround the ovsrload relaycoils 4-0 and 42, so that one orlboth ofthelatter are, actuated when the verse current reaches apredeterminedvalue. As in the ohmic and inductive. resistances 53 and 5 9 thephase'of thecurrent in i he potential C011 'can be so adjustedrelatively to the current in the series coil that 'there iis alwassuflicient torque between the magnetic elds of the relays to open theswitches 55'an-d 60 on the occurrence of a reversal ofcurrent'regardless ofthe-lag or leaduof the'current relative to theelectromotiye force in the breaker, a magnet coil controlling the trip-'a ping of said circuit-break er, a circuit in shunt to said magnet coind means for opening or closing said circuit responsive to the directionin which energy is transmitted throu htheswitcher'circuitebreaker.

2. 1 combination, a switch or qlicl ltping of said'fsvvitchioi; c'iuit-breakenand responsive to an abnormalilin condition, a circuit aroundsaid magne i l, and means responsive to a. reversal switch forcontrolling said 3. In combination, a svvitch or circuitbreaker, amagnet coil for controlling said circuit-breaker and responsive "t0predetermined' line condition, a ei'rcuit. includin an ;adjustableresistance inflshunt to sai magnet coil, and a device responsive toreversal of current in the WltCllQEOI con trolling said shunt circuit.

4. In. combination, a maindistribu'ting cir- I cuit, a switchorcircuit-breaker having a tripping coil, a circuit therefor, meansrebreaker a magnet coil controllin breaker, a magnet coil cont llingthe-trip sponsivc to one abnormal condition in the distributing circuitfor controlling said circuit, a shuntcircuitaro'nnd said nncans,- andmeans responsive toa reversal of current in the distributing circuit forcontrolling said shunt circuit.

In combination, a main distributing cir- ,cuit, a switch orcircuit-breaker having a tripping coil, a circuit therefor, meansresponsive to one abnormal condition in the distributing circuit forcontrolling said circuit, a shunt circuit including an adjustableresistance connected around said means, and

means responsive to a reversal of current ,in the distribut ngOlICllli), forcontrollmg said shunt circuit.

6. .In'combinatioma main distributing circuit, a switch orcircuit-breaker having a tr pping coil, a circuit therefor, a deviceIBSpOIiSlVG tofan excess of current in the main distributing circuit forcontrollin said tripp ng c rcuit, a shunt circuit around said -ine'ans,.and means responsiveto a reversal of current inthe' main distributingClIfCtllh foncontrolling saidjshunt c rcuit.

, 7.'.In combination, a main distributing cir relay adapted to open saidcircuit on a reversal of cnrrent'in themain distributing circuit. a

8. In combination, an alternating current distributing circuit, a switchor circuitbreaker having a tripping coil, a normally open trippingcircuit, one or more overload relays adaptedto close said trippingcircuit, a normally closed shunt circuit including a rheostat orresistance around each overload relay, andone or more reverse currentrelays adapted to open said shunt circuit or circuits on a reversal ofcurrent in the main distributing circuit. i

9. 'In combination, a switch or circuit" the tripping of saidcircuit-breaker, a circuit containing an adjustable resistance normally"shunting said magnet coil, and means for opening said shunt circuit upona reversal in the direction energy is transmitted thr'ou h said svvit-chor circuit-breaker.

10. n combination, a main distributing circuit, a switch orcircuit-breaker in said cuits for opening the circuit shunting said.

device. 1

11. In combination, a main distributing circuit, a switch or c1rcu1tbreakentherein,

an overload coil controlling the trip ing of said circuit-breaker, acircuit inclu ing an adjustable resistance and normally shunting saidoverload coil, and means responsive to a reversal of-energy in the maindistributing circuit for opening said shunt circuit.

12. In combination, 'a main distributing c rcuit, a swlt'ch 0rc1rcu1t-breaker in sa d circuit, an overload c011 controlling thetr1pping of said circuit-breaker, a shunt circuit for said overloadcoil,- and means for closing or opcnmgxsmd shunt circuit accordlng as Ithe energy in'the maindis'tributin circuit is transmitted in the normalor a normal dlrectlon. 1

13. In combination, a main distr butlng circuit, a switch orcircl'lit-bi'cakcr insaid clrcult, an overload C011 controlling thetripping of said circuit-breaker, a shunt circuit' 20 ance inv saidshunt circuit, and means for closing or openingsaid shunt circuit accordfor said overload coil an adjustable resisting as the energ; r, in theinain distributing circult is transmitted 11.1 the normal or abnormaldirection.

Iii-testimony whereof I aliix my signature,

